Description
Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometres (770,000 sq mi), the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world. With an estimated population of over 129 million people, Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world, while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City (CDMX), which is the capital and its most populous city. Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana and León.
The flag of Mexico is a vertical tricolour of green, white, and red with the national coat of arms charged in the centre of the white stripe. While the meaning of the colours has changed over time, these three colours were adopted by Mexico following independence from Spain during the country’s War of Independence, and subsequent First Mexican Empire. The form of the coat of arms was most recently revised in 1968, but the overall design has been used since 1821 when the First National Flag was created. The Mexican coat of arms is based on the Aztec symbol for Tenochtitlan, the centre of the Aztec empire. According to the legend, the Aztec gods told them to build a city where they spot an eagle on a nopal (prickly pear) eating a serpent, which became Tenochtitlan and is now Mexico City. A ribbon in the national colours is at the bottom of the coat of arms. Throughout history, the flag has changed several times, as the design of the coat of arms and the length-width ratios of the flag have been modified. However, the coat of arms has had the same features throughout an eagle, holding a serpent in its talon, is perched on top of a prickly pear cactus; the cactus is situated on a rock that rises above a lake.