Description
Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Ecuador also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) west of the mainland. The capital city is Quito, which is also its largest city. The sovereign state of Ecuador is a middle-income representative democratic republic with a developing economy that is highly dependent on commodities, namely petroleum and agricultural products. It is governed as a democratic presidential republic. One of 18 mega-diverse countries in the world, Ecuador hosts many endemic plants and animals, such as those of the Galápagos Islands. In recognition of its unique ecological heritage, the new constitution of 2008 is the first in the world to recognise legally enforceable Rights of Nature or ecosystem rights.
The national flag of Ecuador, which consists of horizontal bands of yellow (double height), blue and red, was first adopted by law in 1835 and later on 26 September 1860. The design of the current flag was finalised in 1900 with the addition of the coat of arms in the centre of the flag. Before using the yellow, blue and red tricolour, Ecuador used white and blue flags that contained stars for each province of the country. The design of the flag is very similar to those of Colombia and Venezuela, which are also former constituent territories of Gran Colombia. All three are based on a proposal by Venezuelan General Francisco de Miranda, which was adopted by Venezuela in 1811 and later Gran Colombia with some modifications. The colours of the modern Ecuadorian flag evolved from those of the flag of the nation of Gran Colombia, which encompassed the territories of modern-day Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. The colours have the following meanings; Yellow: The crops and the fertile soil. Blue: The ocean and the clear skies, and Red: The blood spilt by the heroes who died in the name of their countrymen’s Fatherland and Freedom.